control of cerebellar long-term potentiation by p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase控制的小脑长期势差p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide交换因素和磷酸肌醇3-kinase.pdfVIP

control of cerebellar long-term potentiation by p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase控制的小脑长期势差p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide交换因素和磷酸肌醇3-kinase.pdf

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control of cerebellar long-term potentiation by p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide exchange factors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase控制的小脑长期势差p-rex-family guanine-nucleotide交换因素和磷酸肌醇3-kinase

Control of Cerebellar Long-Term Potentiation by P-Rex- Family Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factors and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase 1,2 2 1,3 Claire Jackson , Heidi C. Welch , Tomas C. Bellamy * 1 Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom Abstract Background: Long-term potentiation (LTP) at the parallel fibre–Purkinje cell synapse in the cerebellum is a recently described and poorly characterized form of synaptic plasticity. The induction mechanism for LTP at this synapse is considered reciprocal to ‘‘classical’’ LTP at hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: kinases promote increased trafficking of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic density in the hippocampus, whereas phosphatases decrease internalization of AMPA receptors in the cerebellum. In the hippocampus, LTP occurs in overlapping phases, with the transition from early to late phases requiring the consolidation of initial induction processes by structural re-arrangements at the synapse. Many signalling pathways have been implicated in this process, including PI3 kinases and Rho GTPases. Principal Findings: We hypothesized that analogous phases are present in cerebellar LTP, and took as the starting point for investigation our recent discovery that P-Rex – a Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor which is activated by PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 – is highly expressed in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurons and plays a role in motor coordination. We found that LTP evoked at parallel fibre synapses by 1 Hz stimulation or by NO

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