complete mitochondrial genomes reveal neolithic expansion into europe完整的线粒体基因组揭示新石器时代扩张到欧洲.pdfVIP

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal Neolithic Expansion into Europe 1 2 ¨ ¨ 1 3 Qiaomei Fu *, Pavao Rudan , Svante Paabo , Johannes Krause 1 Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, 2 Department of Natural Sciences, Croatian Academy of ¨ ¨ Sciences and Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, 3 Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany Abstract The Neolithic transition from hunting and gathering to farming and cattle breeding marks one of the most drastic cultural changes in European prehistory. Short stretches of ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from skeletons of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers as well as early Neolithic farmers support the demic diffusion model where a migration of early farmers from the Near East and a replacement of pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers are largely responsible for cultural innovation and changes in subsistence strategies during the Neolithic revolution in Europe. In order to test if a signal of population expansion is still present in modern European mitochondrial DNA, we analyzed a comprehensive dataset of 1,151 complete mtDNAs from present-day Europeans. Relying upon ancient DNA data from previous investigations, we identified mtDNA haplogroups that are typical for early farmers and hunter-gatherers, namely H and U respectively. Bayesian skyline coalescence estimates were then used on subsets of complete mtDNAs from modern populations to look for signals of past population expansions. Our analyses revealed a population expansion between 15,000 and 10,000 years before present (YBP) in mtDNAs typical