anisotropic porous biodegradable scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering各向异性多孔生物可降解为肌肉骨骼组织工程支架.pdfVIP

Materials 2009, 2, 1674-1696; doi:10.3390/ma2041674 OPEN ACCESS materials ISSN 1996-1944 /journal/materials Review Anisotropic Porous Biodegradable Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Eric L.W. de Mulder, Pieter Buma and Gerjon Hannink * Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: e.demulder@orthop.umcn.nl (E.M.); p.buma@orthop.umcn.nl (P.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: g.hannink@orthop.umcn.nl; Tel.: +31-24-3614930; Fax: +31-24-3540555. Received: 4 September 2009; in revised form: 30 September 2009 / Accepted: 10 October 2009 / Published: 29 October 2009 Abstract: It has been generally accepted that tissue engineered constructs should closely resemble the in-vivo mechanical and structural properties of the tissues they are intended to replace. However, most scaffolds produced so far were isotropic porous scaffolds with non-characterized mechanical properties, different from those of the native healthy tissue. Tissues that are formed into these scaffolds are initially formed in the isotropic porous structure and since most tissues have significant anisotropic extracellular matrix components and concomitant mechanical properties, the formed tissues have no structural and functional relationships with the native tissues. The complete regeneration of tissues requires a seco