有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站activation of methanogenesis in arid biological soil crusts despite the presence of oxygen激活干旱土壤生物甲烷生成的外壳虽然氧气的存在.pdfVIP
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activation of methanogenesis in arid biological soil crusts despite the presence of oxygen激活干旱土壤生物甲烷生成的外壳虽然氧气的存在
Activation of Methanogenesis in Arid Biological Soil
Crusts Despite the Presence of Oxygen
1 2 1
Roey Angel , Diethart Matthies , Ralf Conrad *
1 Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany, 2 Plant Ecology, Department of Ecology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Abstract
Methanogenesis is traditionally thought to occur only in highly reduced, anoxic environments. Wetland and rice field soils
are well known sources for atmospheric methane, while aerated soils are considered sinks. Although methanogens have
been detected in low numbers in some aerated, and even in desert soils, it remains unclear whether they are active under
natural oxic conditions, such as in biological soil crusts (BSCs) of arid regions. To answer this question we carried out a
factorial experiment using microcosms under simulated natural conditions. The BSC on top of an arid soil was incubated
under moist conditions in all possible combinations of flooding and drainage, light and dark, air and nitrogen headspace. In
the light, oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. Methane production was detected in all microcosms, but rates were
much lower when oxygen was present. In addition, the d13C of the methane differed between the oxic/oxygenic and anoxic
microcosms. While under anoxic conditions methane was mainly produced from acetate, it was almost entirely produced
from H2/CO2 under oxic/oxygenic conditions. Only two genera of methanogens were identified in the BSC-Methanosarcina
and Methanocella; their abundance and activity in transcribing the mcrA gene (coding for methyl-CoM reductase) was
higher under anoxic than oxic/oxygenic conditions, respectively. Both methanogens also actively transcribed the oxygen
detoxifying gene catalase. Since methanotrophs were not detectable in the BSC, all
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