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a sub-microscopic gametocyte reservoir can sustain malaria transmission一个sub-microscopic配子体水库可以维持疟疾传播
A Sub-Microscopic Gametocyte Reservoir Can Sustain
Malaria Transmission
1,4 2 3 3 1
Stephan Karl *, David Gurarie , Peter A. Zimmerman , Charles H. King , Tim G. St. Pierre , Timothy M. E.
Davis4
1 School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia, 2 Department of Mathematics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland,
Ohio, United States of America, 3 The Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, 4 School of
Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
Abstract
Background: Novel diagnostic tools, including PCR and high field gradient magnetic fractionation (HFGMF), have improved
detection of asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites and especially infectious gametocytes in human blood. These
techniques indicate a significant number of people carry gametocyte densities that fall below the conventional threshold of
detection achieved by standard light microscopy (LM).
Methodology/Principal Findings: To determine how low-level gametocytemia may affect transmission in present large-
scale efforts for P. falciparum control in endemic areas, we developed a refinement of the classical Ross-Macdonald model of
malaria transmission by introducing multiple infective compartments to model the potential impact of highly prevalent, low
gametocytaemic reservoirs in the population. Models were calibrated using field-based data and several numerical
experiments were conducted to assess the effect of high and low gametocytemia on P. falciparum transmission and control.
Special consideration was given to
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