a novel antibody-based biomarker for chronic algal toxin exposure and sub-acute neurotoxicity一种新颖的基于抗体的慢性藻毒素暴露生物标志物和sub-acute神经毒性.pdfVIP

A Novel Antibody-Based Biomarker for Chronic Algal Toxin Exposure and Sub-Acute Neurotoxicity 1 1 2 3 1 Kathi A. Lefebvre *, Elizabeth R. Frame , Frances Gulland , John D. Hansen , Preston S. Kendrick , 4 4 4 5 5 Richard P. Beyer , Theo K. Bammler , Frederico M. Farin , Emma M. Hiolski , Donald R. Smith , David J. Marcinek6 1 Exposure Assessment and Biomedical Models, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 2 The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, California, United States of America, 3 U. S. Geological Survey-Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 4 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 5 Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America, 6 Departments of Radiology and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America Abstract The neurotoxic amino acid, domoic acid (DA), is naturally produced by marine phytoplankton and presents a significant threat to the health of marine mammals, seabirds and humans via transfer of the toxin through the foodweb. In humans, acute exposure causes a neurotoxic illness known as amnesic shellfish poisoning characterized by seizures, memory loss, coma and death. Regular monitoring for high DA levels in edible shellfish tissues has been effective in protecting human consumers from acute DA exposure. However, chronic