外科输血（Surgical transfusion）.docVIP

外科输血（Surgical transfusion） [syllabus requirements] 1. introduction: 1. Indications of blood transfusion; advantages of component transfusion and clinical application of main products; transfusion complications and prevention and treatment thereof. 2. transfusion related infectious diseases and blood transfusion transmitted pathogens and preventive measures. [survey of test sites] 1. indications for blood transfusion: acute massive hemorrhage; chronic anemia; thrombocytopenia or dysfunction; coagulation abnormality; severe infection or hypoproteinemia. 2. blood transfusion is the most frequent component transfusion. The advantages of 3. component blood transfusion are: (1) the volume of the product is small; using the relative safety; reducing the occurrence of transfusion related infectious diseases; and saving the blood resources. 4. red cell suspension is the most commonly used red blood cell product. 5. blood transfusion complications: (1) non hemolytic fever reaction; hemolytic transfusion reaction; allergic reaction; bacterial contamination reaction; capacity overload. 6. large numbers of banked blood lead to coagulopathy. 7., transfusion related infectious diseases include: virus, such as HIV, hepatitis viruses, etc.; bacteria; protozoa; leptospira. [annual examination questions] 1. the earliest signs of hemolysis in patients undergoing anesthesia are A. has difficulty breathing B. chills, fever, headaches C. precordial compression and back pain D. hemoglobinuria E. wounds bleed and hypotension Answer: E 2. the most common transfusion reactions in the clinic are A. hemolytic fever reaction B. allergy C. allergic reaction D. hemolysis E. bacterial contamination response Answer: A 3. male, 70 years old. After the radical resection of gastric cancer, the blood transfusion was 2000ml, and the patient suffered from head pain, dyspnea and massive bloody sputum. Should immediately A. supine position, oxygen inhalation, diuresis B. anti infection therapy C. large dose