浅析得字句的英译.DOCVIP

浅析“得”字句的英译 外国语学院20410 罗娅杰 指导老师：刘洪泉 摘要：探讨了汉语“得”字句的英译方法，讨论了用特定结构翻译各种“得”字句的技巧，并通过大量的译例，说明“得”字句的翻译既有规律可循，又须灵活处理。 关键词：汉语；“得”字句；补语；翻译 Abstract: Discusses the ways to translate Chinese sentences with “得” and makes an attempt to offer some techniques translating such sentences with special structures. With a considerable number of concrete examples, this paper points out that there are both rules and flexibility in the translation of such sentences. Key words: Chinese; sentences with “得”; complement; translation 引言：汉语和英语是世界上的两大语言。它们的句法结构有相似性，即都有主语、谓语、宾语、状语等，词序也基本相似。但它们的句法结构也存在着巨大的差异，例如：汉语句子结构有补语，而英语却没有，其中含有结构助词“得”字的补语是汉语补语的典型结构。汉语的结构助词“得”有两种基本用法。一种是置于动词后，连接补语，表示能力或可能性，如：“他干得很好”。（He did it well.）另一种是置于形容词后，连接补语，表示结果或程度，如：“她漂亮得没法说”。(She is so beautiful that no single word to say.)“得”字句的补语，类别较多，加之英语句子结构无与之相应的成分，所以英译时情况较复杂只能用一些特定的结构将其化解。 1． “得”字前是形容词 1．1 用形容词+enough to/+enough for 1) 风大得足以把人的帽子吹掉。 The wind was strong enough to blow off people’s hats . 2）这孩子的年龄已够得上进学校了。 The child is old enough to start school . 3）这间屋子热得可以煮土豆了。 This room is hot enough to bake potatoes . 4）这里将建造一座大得容纳十万人的体育场。 This room is hot enough to hold 100000 people will be built here . 5）他身体壮得可以干这种重活。 He is strong enough for this heavy work . 用so+形容词+that ….，或so+形容词+as to …… 瞧，玻璃干净得几乎叫你看不到它的存在。（冯骥才《西式幽默》） Look! The window panes are so clean that you scarcely notice there is glass there . 2）雨虽然细得望去都看不见，天气却非常阴沉闷热。 Although the rain is so fine that it is practically invisible, the weather is exceedingly gloomy and oppressive . 3）夏天热得我一点也睡不着。 In summer it was so hot that I could not sleep at all . 4) 他常常高兴得什么都忘了。 He is often so happy as to forget everything . 用too+形容词+to…..，或too+形容词+for……. 恐怕事情已经闹得不可收拾了！ I’m afraid things have gong too far to be set right . 2) 我详细解释过，可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。（出自《汉英翻译教程》） I have explained it in detail, but he is too stupid to understand such a truth . 3）这次失败使我灰心得不想再尝试了。 I was too much discouraged by this failure to try agai