当代研究生英语第7单元汉英对照.docVIP

UNIT 7 The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection in the American University 美国大学中知识产权保护的兴起 1 Intellectual property scarcely existed in the vocabularies of U.S. academic researchers and 甚至在15年前知识产权在美国学术研究人员和管理人员的词还乎administrators even 15 years ago. Now it is an ever-present part of discussions on research 而现在 已成为 讨论研究政策和方向时 不可缺少的一部 policies and directions. This new importance of intellectual property in academia reflects a 分。 知识产权 在学术界所具有的 新的重要性 反映了 人们 对研究性changing view of the relationships of research universities to the surrounding society. Until 大学 与 周围社会 的关系的看法 正在发生 变化。 直到 recently, research at universities has been relatively isolated from demands of economic utility, 最近， 大学的研究还一 and education of graduate students has emphasized a career in academic research as the final 研究生的 教育 一直把 学术研究 作为最终的目标。 goal. The university’s contentment with this relative isolation was affected by two major events 二十世纪80年代后期和90年代初两个重大事件对大学相对脱离社会的自我满足现状of the late 1980s and early 1990s: the fall of the Berlin wall, leading to an expected decrease in 产生了影响。这两个military funding of research, and the emphasis on balancing the federal budget—both producing 以及强调 保持 联邦预算的 平衡 一 这两大事件 a fear of a decline in federal funding of university research. The reaction on the part of the 使人们担心 联邦政府 会减少 大学研究 资金的投入。 大学 对此 的 反应 university has been to emphasize the benefits of taxpayer funding of research and to seek 是 开始强调 纳税人 研究资金 的 效益， 并寻求 increased research support from industry. Intellectual property plays an important part in both of 企业 对 研究 更多的支持。 知识产权在这两项努力中起着重要的作用。 these efforts. 2 The impact of the Bayh-Dole amendment. Economic development through exploitation of 贝赫一多尔修正案的影响。通过知识产权取得的经济发展intellectual property is now widely touted as one of the major benefits of federally sponsored 现在被泛地誉为联邦政府赞research. This ef