neanderthal extinction by competitive exclusion尼安德特人的灭绝竞争排斥.pdfVIP

Neanderthal Extinction by Competitive Exclusion 1 1,2 3 4 4 William E. Banks *, Francesco d’Errico , A. Townsend Peterson , Masa Kageyama , Adriana Sima , ´ ˜ 5 Maria-Fernanda Sanchez-Goni ´ ´ ´ 1 Institut de Prehistoire et de Geologie du Quaternaire, UMR 5199-PACEA, Universite Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Talence, France, 2 Institute for Human Evolution, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, 3 Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America, 4 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/IPSL, UMR 1572, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, CE Saclay, L’Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 5 EPHE, ´ UMR5805-EPOC, Universite Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Talence, France Abstract Background: Despite a long history of investigation, considerable debate revolves around whether Neanderthals became extinct because of climate change or competition with anatomically modern humans (AMH). Methodology/Principal Findings: We apply a new methodology integrating archaeological and chronological data with high-resolution paleoclimatic simulations to define eco-cultural niches associated with Neanderthal and AMH adaptive systems during alternating cold and mild phases of Marine Isotope Stage 3. Our results indicate that Neanderthals and AMH exploited similar niches, and may have continued to do so in the absence of contact. Conclusions/Significance: The southerly contraction of Neanderthal range in southwestern Europe during Greenland Interstadial 8 was not due to climate