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Pearls How Do Microbial Pathogens Make CENs? Kaustuv Sanyal* Molecular Mycology Laboratory, Molecular Biology Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India What Is the Link between Drug Resistance and point centromere but often lacks any protein binding sequence Aneuploidy in Microbial Pathogens? motifs or conserved pericentric repeats, and c) ‘‘large regional’’ CENs that span a long region (.40 kb–a few Mbs) usually rich in In a variety of pathogens, drug resistance and aneuploidy are repeats and often CENP-A-containing nucleosomes are inter- intimately associated. Anueploidy is believed to alter the dosage of spersed with H3-containing nucleosomes. Formation of a certain genes that can impart drug resistance. Generation of a new kinetochore on most point CENs initiates with binding of a DNA chromosome by duplication of chromosome segments followed by sequence-specific kinetochore protein [8]. In contrast, several lines telomere addition in a pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata [1] and of evidence suggest that epigenetic factors, not the DNA sequence isochromosome formation by breakage of chromosome 5 at the alone, also contribute to centromere identity in organisms carrying centromere followed by joining two identical arms of chromosome small or large regional centromeres [8–10]. 5 in an opportunistic yeast Candida albicans [2] have been shown to occur frequently in drug-resistant isolates. Fluconazole-resistant How Are Centromeres Organized in Fungal strains of another pathogenic fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans,