有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站high degree of heterogeneity in alzheimers disease progression patterns高度的异质性在阿尔茨海默病发展模式.pdfVIP
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high degree of heterogeneity in alzheimers disease progression patterns高度的异质性在阿尔茨海默病发展模式
High Degree of Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Patterns Natalia L. Komarova*, Craig J. Thalhauser Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America Abstract There have been several reports on the varying rates of progression among Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients; however, there has been no quantitative study of the amount of heterogeneity in AD. Obtaining a reliable quantitative measure of AD progression rates and their variances among the patients for each stage of AD is essential for evaluating results of any clinical study. The Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) and Functional Assessment Staging procedure (FAST) characterize seven stages in the course of AD from normal aging to severe dementia. Each GDS/FAST stage has a published mean duration, but the variance is unknown. We use statistical analysis to reconstruct GDS/FAST stage durations in a cohort of 648 AD patients with an average follow-up time of 4.78 years. Calculations for GDS/FAST stages 4–6 reveal that the standard deviations for stage durations are comparable with their mean values, indicating the presence of large variations in the AD progression among patients. Such amount of heterogeneity in the course of progression of AD is consistent with the existence of several sub-groups of AD patients, which differ by their patterns of decline. Citation: Komarova NL, Thalhauser CJ (2011) High Degree of Heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Patterns. PLoS Comput Biol 7(11): e1002251. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002251 Editor: Lawrence E. Hunter, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, United States of America Received May 24, 2011; Accepted September 13, 2011; Published November 3, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Komarova, Thalhauser. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons At
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