hominoid-specific de novo protein-coding genes originating from long non-coding rnashominoid-specific新创蛋白编码基因来自长非编码rna.pdfVIP

Hominoid-Specific De Novo Protein-Coding Genes Originating from Long Non-Coding RNAs 1. 2. 3. 3 1 3 3 Chen Xie , Yong E. Zhang , Jia-Yu Chen , Chu-Jun Liu , Wei-Zhen Zhou , Ying Li , Mao Zhang , 3 1 3¤* Rongli Zhang , Liping Wei *, Chuan-Yun Li 1 Center for Bioinformatics, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China, 2 Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China Abstract Tinkering with pre-existing genes has long been known as a major way to create new genes. Recently, however, motherless protein-coding genes have been found to have emerged de novo from ancestral non-coding DNAs. How these genes originated is not well addressed to date. Here we identified 24 hominoid-specific de novo protein-coding genes with precise origination timing in vertebrate phylogeny. Strand-specific RNA–Seq analyses were performed in five rhesus macaque tissues (liver, prefrontal cortex, skeletal muscle, adipose, and testis), which were then integrated with public transcriptome data from human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque. On the basis of comparing the RNA expression profiles in the three species, we found that most of the hominoid-specific de novo protein-coding genes encoded polyadenylated non-coding RNAs in rhesus macaque or chimpanzee with a similar transcript structure and correlated tissue expression profile. According to the rule of parsimony, the majority of the