genetically-based olfactory signatures persist despite dietary variation遗传性的嗅觉签名坚持尽管饮食变化.pdfVIP

Genetically-Based Olfactory Signatures Persist Despite Dietary Variation 1 2¤a 1 1 1¤b Jae Kwak , Alan Willse , Koichi Matsumura , Maryanne Curran Opiekun , Weiguang Yi , George 1,3 1 1 Preti , Kunio Yamazaki , Gary K. Beauchamp * 1 Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Battelle - Pacific Northwest Division, Richland, Washington, United States of America, 3 Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America Abstract Individual mice have a unique odor, or odortype, that facilitates individual recognition. Odortypes, like other phenotypes, can be influenced by genetic and environmental variation. The genetic influence derives in part from genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). A major environmental influence is diet, which could obscure the genetic contribution to odortype. Because odortype stability is a prerequisite for individual recognition under normal behavioral conditions, we investigated whether MHC-determined urinary odortypes of inbred mice can be identified in the face of large diet-induced variation. Mice trained to discriminate urines from panels of mice that differed both in diet and MHC type found the diet odor more salient in generalization trials. Nevertheless, when mice were trained to discriminate mice with only MHC differences (but on the same diet), they recognized the MHC difference when tested with urines from mice on a different diet. This indicates that MHC odor profiles remain despite large dietary variation. Chemical analyses of uri