genetic continuity in the franco-cantabrian region new clues from autochthonous mitogenomes遗传连续性franco-cantabrian地区从原地mitogenomes新线索.pdfVIP

Genetic Continuity in the Franco-Cantabrian Region: New Clues from Autochthonous Mitogenomes ´ 1. 2 3 4 2 Alberto Gomez-Carballa , Anna Olivieri , Doron M. Behar , Alessandro Achilli , Antonio Torroni , 1 . Antonio Salas * ´ ´ ´ 1 Unidade de Xenetica, Departamento de Anatomıa Patoloxica e Ciencias Forenses, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de ` Compostela, Galicia, Spain, 2 Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘‘L. Spallanzani,’’ Universita di Pavia, Pavia, Italy, 3 Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, ` 4 Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Universita di Perugia, Perugia, Italy Abstract Background: The Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), ,20 thousand years ago (kya), is thought to have forced the people inhabiting vast areas of northern and central Europe to retreat to southern regions characterized by milder climatic conditions. Archaeological records indicate that Franco-Cantabria might have been the major source for the re-peopling of Europe at the beginning of the Holocene (11.5 kya). However, genetic evidence is still scarce and has been the focus of an intense debate. Methods/Principal Findings: Based on a survey of more than 345,000 partial control region sequences and the analysis of 53 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes, we identified an mtDNA lineage, HV4