genetic architecture of highly complex chemical resistance traits across four yeast strains遗传结构高度复杂的化学抵抗特征四个酵母菌株.pdfVIP

Genetic Architecture of Highly Complex Chemical Resistance Traits across Four Yeast Strains Ian M. Ehrenreich1,2,3,4*, Joshua Bloom1,5., Noorossadat Torabi1,5., Xin Wang1,5., Yue Jia1,3, Leonid Kruglyak1,2,3* 1 Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, 3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America, 4 Molecular and Computational Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 5 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America Abstract Many questions about the genetic basis of complex traits remain unanswered. This is in part due to the low statistical power of traditional genetic mapping studies. We used a statistically powerful approach, extreme QTL mapping (X-QTL), to identify the genetic basis of resistance to 13 chemicals in all 6 pairwise crosses of four ecologically and genetically diverse yeast strains, and we detected a total of more than 800 loci. We found that the number of loci detected in each experiment was primarily a function of the trait (explaining 46% of the variance) rather than the cross (11%), suggesting that the level of genetic complexity is a consistent property of a trait across different genetic backgrounds. Further, we observed that most loci had trait-specific effects, although a small number of loci with effects in many conditions were identified. We used the patterns of resistance and susceptibility alleles in the four parent strains to make inferences about the allele frequency spectrum of functional variants. We also observed evidence of more complex allelic series at a number of loci, as wel