交通《Integrated Urban Models》1 Integrated Urban Models.pdfVIP

Integrated Urban Models Qisheng Pan Professor and Chair, Department of Urban Planning and Environmental Policy School of Public Affairs, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas Visiting Chair Professor, School of Urban Design, Wuhan University Chair of Board of Directors, International Association for China Planning Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School June 13, 2015 1. Introduction Integrated Urban Models The theoretical frameworks of many urban planning models are established on various disciplines - Land use - Transportation - Economics - Others In this sense, these urban models can be regarded as integrated models Examples of integrated models : • Lowry’s urban location model (Lowry 1964) • Integrated Transportation Land-Use Package (ITLUP) (Putman 1983) • Integrated urban system model (Kim 1989) 2. Lowry’s model An urban location model to incorporate the spatial distribution of economic activities in the City of Pittsburgh (1) All activities in the urban spatial systems are separated into a basic sector, a retail sector, and a household sector (2) All usable land areas in the Pittsburgh region were divided into one-mile-square tracts and also categorized by these three sectors (3) The spatial distribution of basic employment and the amount of space consumed by basic establishments were obtained from actual data or derived from assumptions Basic assumptions: - The place of basic employment decides the location of residential population. - Residential population determines the place of various types of retail services How to allocate households on the base of basic employment? The number of households can be allocated to each tract using this tract’s accessibility to basic employment in the region Employment accessibility It was measured using a h