西方文化导论及经典选读4-古罗马.pptVIP

西方文化导论及经典文本选读(古罗马[西]) Western Intellectual History: A Brief Survey and Selective Readings of Canonical Texts (ancient Rome) Supplementary Readings Procedure Brief introduction The kingdoms 王国时代(753-509BCE) The Republic 共和国时代 (509-30BCE) The Empire 帝国时代(30BCE-476CE西灭) Brief introduction Video: 古罗马两分钟简介 (subtitles provided) Rome was founded between 1,000 and 750 BC. Around 700 BC, the Etruscans(埃特鲁斯坎人) conquered the city and set up a monarchy. The Etruscans and the Greeks influenced Roman art, architecture and religion. In 509 BC, the Romans rebelled and set up a republic. By 146 BC, their well-trained army had extended Roman rule throughout Italy, Greece and Spain. However, military power struggles brought turmoil. The assassination of Julius Caesar（裘力斯·凯撒） triggered a civil war that ended in 31 BC. 4 years later, Octavianus （屋大维）became the first emperor Augustus （奥古斯都）Caesar. Over the next 2 centuries, known as the Pax Romana（和平罗马时期）, or Roman peace, the Mediterranean became a Roman lake. Trade expanded, aided by a network of roads. Among other engineering masterpieces was the aqueducts（引水渠）. Historians debate why the empire declined, but there is no doubt that the Romans, particularly through their architecture, law and language, had a lasting influence on Europe. Etruscan’s rule (8-6BCE) Coffin of Etruscans style Romans “It has been foretold that in Italy, he will give rise to a race both noble and courageous, a race which will become known to all nations.” (Aeneid) (Virgil / Augustus) The legendary origin of Romans The legend of Rome Video (3:50) The legend of Rome Amulius was then king of Alban Longa, the city founded by the son of Aeneas. his brother Numitor overthrew him, made his daughter a Vestal Virgin (贞女) of Mars. the daughter gave birth to twins. the twins were ordered to be thrown into the river, but were floated ashore and fed by a she-wolf. several years later, the kings flock-master, Faustulus, found the boys and took them home to bring