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Context The general introduction about colonialism The colonial policy of different countries The triangular trade Impacts Types of colonialism Settler colonialism Exploitation colonialism Plantation colonialism Surrogate colonialism Internal colonialism European expansion Premises: Monarchy centralized (money support) The development of technology and science (shipping) The appearance of “ptolemy map” (15th Europe, 8th Arab) More resources, a larger population and strategic locations increased potential military and political strength Spanish Empire By colonizing the Americas, Spain became one of the richest and most powerful countries of the 16th century. At the height of its power in 1588, the Spanish Empire included the West Indies, Cuba, Florida, Mexico, Central America, much of South America, and the Philippines. Simón Bolívar Simón Bolívar helped win independence from Spain for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Revered throughout South America, Bolívar earned the name The Liberator. José de San Martín Argentine general José de San Martín helped lead South America to freedom from Spanish rule. San Martín is regarded as one of Argentina’s foremost heroes. Declaration of Peruvian Independence Argentine soldier José de San Martín took charge of Peru’s struggle for independence in 1820. The following year he occupied Lima and on July 28, 1821, he proclaimed Peru’s independence from a balcony in the center of Lima. The Philippines In the mid-16th century, Spaniards settled some of the many islands in the Philippines, which were named in honor of Spanish King Philip II. This photo shows a village on northern Luzon, the largest island and the second settled by Spain. Manila, Philippines Manila is the capital and largest city of the Philippines. The Pasig River divides Manila between the original city, on its southern bank, and the more modern section, on its northern bank. Spanish colonists founded the city in 1571, and Spanish influenc