英美概况USA-8.pptVIP

1. World War I 2. Entry into WWI 3. Peace Conference of 1919 4. Prosperity and Depression 5. Roosevelt’s New Deal 1. WWI: Questions Time? July 28, 1914 – Nov. 11, 1918 (Armistice) When did America join WWI? 1917 Who did America fight in WWI? Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire 1. WWI: Prewar Situation The end of the 19th century was a period of imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism. Brit: 1/4 of world land Rus: 1/7 Ger: 0.8% United in 1871, Ger began competing with Brit for world domination. Essence: Great powers redividing the world struggling for economic interests and world hegemony. 1. WWI: Two Military Blocs The Triple Alliance, 1882 [三国同盟] Germany, Austria-Hungary Italy ? Central Powers Conflicts Ger. took Fr. Alsace Lorraine Aus. Rus.: Balkans ? Fr. Rus.: Dual Alliance, 1894 Britain, splendid isolation: non-interference in European affairs (liberal party) The Triple Entente, 1907 [三国协约] Fr., Rus., Brit. ? Allied Powers 1. WWI: Trigger the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (费迪南大公), heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, on June 28, 1914 While he and his wife rode in an open car in Sarajevo, Bosnia, they were assassinated by Serbian nationalist Princip (普林西普). Austria declared war on Serbia and other countries soon joined in the war. 1. WWI: Belligerents Three fronts Eastern Front: Russia vs. Germany and Austria-Hungary Western Front: Britain France vs. Germany Southern Front: Serbia vs. Austria-Hungary 2. Entry into WWI: Reasons Lack of military preparations at the beginning Financial relations with the Allied powers Public opinions Germany’s submarine campaign 2.1 Lack of military preparations Strong navy (3rd) but weak army and air forces an army of less than 100,000 men only 17 airplanes Remained neutral [Woodrow Wilson] Preparations for the war Dec. 1914, National Security League [国家安全联盟] 1916, National Defense Act [国防法案] -- doubled the standing force -- reorganized the National Guard -