英美概况第三章英国历史.pptVIP

1.Iberians（2500BC）and the Celtic Invasion(700B.C.-300B.C.) The first known inhabitants: Iberians (During the stone and Bronze ages) Basis of modern British history and culture: Celts and the mixture of Germanic tribes（Anglo-Saxon） The Celts tribes from Germany and the Netherlands, pushing the Iberians into the highlands of Wales, Northwest England and Scotland . Celts civilization in Britain was most advanced in the south and southeast. No real town life existed during this period. * Questions: Why did Julius Caesar decided to invade Britain ? First invasion in 55B.C. Second invasion in 54B.C. Wars and civil unrest 2.Roman Britain—a temporary civilization The Roman occupation took place between the Celts and Saxon invasions of Britain True roman occupation: modern England and Wales Two contrasting regions: the Latinized south and east, the Celts north and west. The roman’s method of conquest: military roads and forts Questions: When and why did London become important geographic, economic and military center? P44 the last para. * Achievement a. Network of towns and roads. ① Caster and Chester means camp. ② Capital: London ③ Two cities: York had been created as a northern stronghold; Bath rapidly developed because of its waters. b. Make use of Britain’s natural resources, mining lead, iron and tin and manufacturing pottery. ?Religion: Christianity. Reasons for withdraw in AD 410: a. barbarians from Eastern Europe at the gates of Rome; b. repeated attacks from Picts and Scots; c. needing to set up a new military front on the east coast to hold off the Germanic Saxon tribes invading from Europe. Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited? P45 The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons. * 3. Nordic invasions and