Schema abstraction‖ in a multiple-trace memory model：（模式抽象为多重痕迹内存模型）.pdfVIP

PsychologicalReview Copyright 1986bythe American PsychologicalAsaociation, Inc. 1986,Vol. 93, No. 4, 411-428 0033-295X/86/$00.75 Schema Abstraction in a Multiple-Trace Memory Model Douglas L. Hintzman University of Oregon A simulation model of episodic memory, MINERVA2, is applied to the learning of concepts, as represented by the schema-abstraction task. The model assumes that each experience produces a separate memory trace and that knowledge of abstract concepts is derived from the pool of episodic traces at the time of retrieval. A retrieval cue contacts all traces simultaneously, activating each according to its similarity to the cue, and the information retrieved from memory reflects the summed content of all activated traces responding in parallel. The MINERVA2 model is able to retrieve an abstracted prototype of the category when cued with the category name and to retrieve and disambiguate a category name when cued with a category exemplar. The model successfully predicts basic findings from the schema-abstraction literature (e.g., differential forgetting of proto- types and old instances, typicality, and category size effects), including some that have been cited as evidence against exemplar theories of concepts. The model is compared to other