美国社会与文化课程第八章教学PPTChapter 8. Ethnic and Racial Diversity.pptVIP

Chapter 8 Ethnic and Racial Diversity Content 1. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl 2. The dominant culture 3. African-American experience 4. Chinese-American experience 5. Lingering segregation 1. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl Process of assimilation: various elements integrated as part of a common cultural life with commonly shared values Melting pot vs. Salad bowl vs. Mosaic White people have found it easier to assimilate. 1.1 Melting pot—National identity Indistinguishable 1.2 A salad bowl Each culture is identifiable. Cultural pluralism  1.3 A mosaic / rainbow culture Mutual respect and appreciation 2. The dominant culture A dominant culture defined by the white population, in greater numbers, with money and political power WASPs English-speaking, western European, Protestant, and middle-class Assimilation of non-protestant, non-Western-European whites At the turn of the 20th century: Southern and eastern Europeans Catholics and Jews Seen as a threat Language and citizenship classes offering little real help Role of “political bosses”, criticized but having performed an important function 3. The African-American experience 3.1 pre-1860s Slavery and conflict with traditional American values White opinions: Minority—abolition Majority—protection for white people only, but afraid of slavery taking away their economic freedom Lincoln appealing to both and the Civil War 3.2 Slavery and the Civil War Election of Lincoln in 1860 Southern secession, and the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863 Thirteenth Amendment, 1865, abolishing slavery Fourteenth Amendment, 1868, granting blacks citizenship 3.3 1870s—1950s: Racial segregation “Blacks have nothing but freedom.” Different means of politically excluding blacks Historical records of the family Literacy test Segregation in education, transport, housing, restaurants, sports facilities… Politically free, but economic slaves Ku Klux Klan 3.4 The Civil Rights Movement Supre