第四讲 如何展开论点.ppt

PETS5 WRITING 写作第四讲 段落连接关系 如何写论据 论据综合实例 中间段落由关联词+分论点+分论点的论证构成 分论点和分论点的论证之间可能有关联词。 1 顺接(一边倒的内部) 议论类： 并列 For one thing… For another… On one hand… On the other hand… 递进： Moreover Besides Furthermore More importantly In addition to Additionally 原因建议类： The most important reason (factor/element) An equally important reason An additional reason…  2. 逆接（两边倒） 1. While there is great deal of enthusiasm nowadays over the advantages of the Internet, its drawbacks should not be neglected. 2. While it is undeniable that studying abroad is beneficial, it inevitably carries some intrinsic defects. 3. Proponents of such a change hold /maintain/argue that opponents of such a practice… 4. An argument used by opponents of … is /an argument advanced on behalf of … is 5. For the people who lend their support to…for the people who wish to see the legal prohibition of … 转折与让步 转折： However Nevertheless Nonetheless In spite of 让步： Admittedly 论证方法： 同一段可以使用多个论证手段 但是： 不是说每一段都得使用几种，将论证方法分散到你的论据中。 扩展主题句 （基本句型） 2. 假设论证 （状语从句） 3. 延长因果链 （状语从句） 4. 举例论证 (单个例子，例子排比） 5. 对比论证 （具体情况，时间对比） 6. 驳论 1. 扩展主题句： A: 同义替换 1. in other words换言之 2. that is to say也就是说 3. to be more precise说的具体一些 4. by … I mean 我的意思是 5. this means…这意味着 6. namely 1. 扩展主题句： B: 主题句中的名词讲清楚---抽象名词具体化 The cost of living has been steadily rising in the past decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees annually increased by 5.59% over the period of 1995 to 2008. Initially, one issue makes me support this is that (1 topic sentence) the development of science and technology has always accompanied the progress of society. The invention of the steam engine led to the industrial revolution and brought about a new era of thrift of