第二章 水敏性城市设计.ppt

城市水资源规划与评价 URBAN WATER PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 2WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN 2.1 Introduction A new vision for urban water management. 景观都市主义影响下的景观设计思想和方式之一 国际水协会的定义： 城市设计与城市水循环的管理、保护和保存的结合，确保城市水循环管理能够尊重自然水循环和生态过程。 城市设计理念 “雨水花园”、“海绵城市”等。 通过储存、渗透和蒸发的自然过程，达到自然水文的平衡； 恢复和增加城市的水系 The main goal With less environmentally damaging, provide more economical ways of providing urban water, wastewater, and stormwater solutions. 设计思路 雨水收集；雨水净化处理；雨水储存再利用 基本原则 提高地面可渗透性；保持水体流动性；保持水体溶解氧含量；降低水体溶解态溶解物；降低水体不溶物负荷；建立稳定生态系统 2.3 Traditional practices and WSUD 2.3.1 Elements in the treatment Rainwater harvesting: use of roof water Landscaping design: Cleansing runoff and conserving water Bioretention systems, Swales Groundwater recharge: stormwater infiltration Protection of native vegetation: to minimize site disturbance and conserve habitat Buffer strips, Wetlands Surface runoff and gray water reuse: irrigation Protection of stream corridors: Litter traps 2.3.2 Site information The constraints and opportunities of each individual site based on WSUD concepts. Site characteristics soil type, slope, groundwater conditions, rainfall, the scale and density of development. Best practices Rainwater harvesting Rainwater tanks Plumbing rainwater tanks to internal toilets. The tank size can be matched to roof area and the number of occupied people. Bioretention systems Simple systems used outside as part of the landscaping. Very versatile planter box collects water from aboveground areas. Collect the runoff from the footpath and road. BIORETENTION CELL TREE BOX VEGETATED ROOF Stormwater Planter box Bioretention systems effective way to collect sediments and filter pollution out of the water. Self-contained: be used with any soil type. Filtered water collection:by a perforated pipe at the bottom connected to the normal stormwater drain. Infiltration Filters the water through soil before it is spread to the surrounding soils. No pipe to collect the filtered water. Good