第九章 哀痛咨询.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Grief Counseling 哀痛咨询 Supporting the bereaved: theory and practice支持未亡人：理论与实践 Why do we need models of grieving? Ann Dent outlines the theories and explains how they can be useful for practitioners supporting the bereaved 为什么我们需要哀痛模式？ 安娜概要地描述了这方面的理论，并解释了它们如何能有助于支持未亡人的工作者。 Introduction Although Sigmund Freud pioneered the study of mourning, it is only in the last 30 years or so that bereavement research has real prominence. Researchers have now given us several new models and insights to guide and help the bereaved. But why do we need models? After all, people have been bereaved since human life began and have generally recovered without the help of any model of grieving. 导言 尽管弗洛伊德早已经是悼念研究的先驱者，但是直到最近30年左右，丧亲的研究才有了真正的进展。研究者现在已经给了我们几种新的模式和洞察，去引导和帮助未亡人。但是为什么我们需要模式呢？毕竟自从有人类生活以来，人类就有了丧亲之痛，而且一般来说他们在没有哀痛模式帮助的情况下就恢复过来了。 Introduction We now recognize that grief reactions can have physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioral, sexual and spiritual components, varying in length and disruptiveness. Adequate and appropriate support may alleviate the probability of future ill-health and complications. This is not to say that all bereaved people will need help, nor that grief should be pathologised. However, when professionals are involved in supporting the bereaved, they need a knowledge base from which to practice and scientific knowledge provides a particularly solid base. Personal experience and intuition are important but they have two major limitations as a basis of understanding: first, a practitioner’s experience may be too restricted to make valid generalisations about new situations, and second, personal experiences may be coloured by subjective values and prejudices. 导言 我们现在认识到，哀痛反应可以有身体的，情感和情绪的，认知的，行为的，性生活的，以及精神的要素，其延续的时间长度和破坏性都各不相同。充分和适当的支持可以降低未来健康损害和并发症的可能性。这并等于说，所有的未亡人都需要帮助，也并非说，哀痛应该并视为病态。然而，当专业人员涉入对未亡人的支持时，他们需要在一定知识的基础上开展实践，而科学的知识则能够提供具体的坚实的基础。个人的经验和直觉是重要的，但是作为理解的基础它们具有2个重大的局限：第一，某个工作者的经验对于作出一个有效的普遍性的概括也许过于受限。第二，个人的经验也许会染上主观的价值和偏见的色彩。 Introduction I have ch