第三章 定语从句.ppt

第八章 定语从句 作者：徐英（广东外语外贸大学继续教育学院培训部） 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词that, who, whom, whose, which, as, than, but等引导定语从句时，关系代词除了在被修饰词和从句之间起连接作用，还代替现行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 1. 先行词在从句中充当主语 当先行词在从句中充当主语时，我们通常用关系代词that, who, which等引导定语从句。先行词是人的时候，用that, who引导，现行词是物的时候，用that, which引导。关系代词不能省略。如： The letter that / which arrived just now is for Mr Smith. Do you know the scientist who / that gave us the talk this afternoon? Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. Thought is the key which unlocks the doors of the world. He that walks with wise men should be wise. 2. 先行词在从句中充当宾语 当先行词在从句中充当动词宾语时，通常用关系代词that, who, whom, which等引导。先行词是人的时候，用that, who, whom引导，现行词是物的时候，用that, which引导。充当动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。 People don’t appreciate things (that) they do not understand. Don’t expect people to do things (which) you would not do yourself. He is the professor (that / who /whom) we have been expecting. The people ( that / whom/ who ) we visited yesterday were very nice. 当先行词在从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以放到从句里面。这时，关系代词的选择与动词宾语一样，关系代词也可以省略。但有时候介词可以提到关系代词前面，尤其介词与关系代词关系紧密的时候，常常提前。这时，关系代词只能用which, whom。而且关系代词不能省略。如： He should thank the people (that/who/whom) he got money from. He should thank the people from whom he got money. Money is a bottomless sea in which honor, conscience and truth may be drowned. Defeat is a school in which truth always grows strong. 3. 先行词在从句中充当名词的定语 当先行词在从句中充当名词的定语时，我们通常用关系代词whose引导。whose既可指人，又可指物。如： The girl whose hair is golden is from England. I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years The house whose doors are green is an office building. 有时 whose 可以与 of whom 和 of which 互换使用。尤其是在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，指人用…of whom，指物用… of which。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。如： There is a bookshelf in the study whose door is made of glass. There is a bookshelf in the study the door of which is made of glass. In the room are lots o