ch8evolutionarygenomics2-基因组学.pptVIP

Which one is occurred after transcription in the following gene function research methods? Point mutation RNAi Gene knockout Insertion inactivation by transposon Genomics Chapter 8 Genomes and Evolution Content 8.1 The molecular basis for evolution 8.2 Acquisition of new gene 8.3 Expansion of non-coding DNA 8.4 model organisms and comparative genomics 8.5 Molecular phylogenetics Species Evolution The Origin of Species—Charles R. Darwin The basic mechanisms in population evolution Variation (变异) Selection (选择) Natural selection (自然选择) Neutral drift/random drift (中性/随机漂变) Reproductive isolation (生殖隔离) The neutral theory of molecular evolution Research evolution: genomics vs. classical genetics Composition of DNA is simple and stable: A,T,C,G Comparable data Molecular clock(分子钟): to evaluate the time and rate of evolution, and construct phylogenetic tree (系统进化树). 8.1 The molecular basis for variation and evolution Molecular level: Mutation (DNA复制错误导致的突变) Recombination (重组) Translocation (转座) Origin of genetic system Origin of genome Protogenome—RNA world 催化功能由蛋白质承担 蛋白质的多样性远远超过RNA； 多肽链有更大的可塑性。 遗传信息功能由DNA承担 2’-deoxy and U to T made DNA more stable Replication repair system Three domains in living world 传统生物学将生命世界分为五大王国，即动物，植物，真菌，原生生物和细菌 现在，地球上所有生物可分为三界（domain）： 真细菌（bacteria）， 古细菌或古生菌（archaea） 真核生物（eukarya） 8.2 Acquisition of new gene 8.2.1 DNA duplication(p465~473) By duplication of the entire genome; By duplication of a single chromosome or part of a chromosome; By duplication of a single gene or group of genes. 8.2.2 Horizontal gene transfer Examples of gene duplication MHC genes - gene duplication increases number of parasite antigens that can be presented (although limits to this) HOX genes - duplicated over course of evolution, cluster of genes of related function controlling development - directed reading Stearns, ‘Evolution’ Haemoglobin genes one ancestral gene duplicated to give genes of related function Acquisition of new genes by gene duplica