北京交通大学英汉翻译基础第二单元遣词法u2diction.pptVIP

Diction 遣词用字 一、教学重点： 1.语境在翻译中的重要性 2.英汉词字层次对等关系 3.词义的选择和引申 二、教学内容： 1.英汉词字层次对等关系 2.英语词义辨析法 3.词义的选择 4.词义的引申 Warming-up activities 1. Do you know the twelve animal signs in Chinese culture? 2. What are their English versions? Idioms Related to the Animals Idioms Related to the Animals Idioms Related to the Animals Idioms Related to the Animals Question: After discussing the above phrases and idioms in both languages, what differences have you found between the two cultures mentioned? What proper words should be used in the target language? Ⅰ. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 1、Word-for-Word Correspondence Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin = 阿斯匹林 激光= laser 白血病= leukemia 2、One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人… 人: human being, man, people, person ... Ⅰ. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 3、One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings cousin: 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹、卿… president：总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长… 羊：sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb… Ⅰ. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 4、 Equivalents Interwoven with One Another Ⅰ. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 5、Words without Equivalents teenager: 13 至19 岁的青少年 clock-watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人 阴: yin (in Chinese thought) the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world Dink=double income no kids 丁克家族 文房四宝：the four treasures of the study (writing brush, ink-stick, ink-stone and paper) 乌纱帽：an official post 糖葫芦：Tanghulu, a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a kind of children’s favorite food in winter Ⅱ. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word 1、Judging from the Word Formation parabiospheric para-( outside) +bio-( biologic) + spheric (having the form of a sphere) 外生物层的 pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis pneumono ( of lung) + ultra ( beyond) + micro (very small) + scopic (of viewing or observing) + silico( of silicon) +