数字逻辑（邓建）01.pptVIP

* * * 第1章 引言 模拟与数字 模拟量： 其变化在时间或数值上是连续的 数字量： 其变化在时间和数量上都是离散的 数值大小是某一个最小数量单位的整数倍 * Digital vs. Analog 5 * Example of Digitization Benefit time Volts 0 1 2 3 original signal lengthy transmission (e.g, cell phone) time 0 1 2 3 received signal How fix -- higher, lower, ? lengthy transmission (e.g, cell phone) 01 10 11 10 11 same time 01 10 11 10 11 Volts digitized signal time 0 1 a2d Volts 0 1 2 3 d2a time Can fix -- easily distinguish 0s and 1s, restore 0 1 Digitized signal not perfect re-creation, but higher sampling rate and more bits per encoding brings closer. * 第1章 引言 数字系统及其优越性 结果再现性（稳定可靠、精度更高） 易于设计，灵活性和功能性 可编程性（具有“智能”） 快速、经济性、稳步发展的技术 * 第1章 引言 数字电子技术的应用 Application software Hardware Systems software * Software Application software, a program in C: swap (int v[ ], int k) {int temp; temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; } MIPS binary machine code: 00000000101000010000000000011000 00000000000110000001100000100001 10001100011000100000000000000000 10001100111100100000000000000100 10101100111100100000000000000000 10101100011000100000000000000100 00000011111000000000000000001000 Compiler Assembler Application software Hardware Systems software Machine instructions MIPS compiler output, assembly language program: swap; muli $2, $5, 4 add $2, $4, $2 lw $15, 0 ($2) lw $16, 4 ($2) sw $16, 0 ($2) sw $15, 4 ($2) jr $31 * 市场统计 /newsroom/id/2632415 Top 10 Semiconductor Vendors by Revenue, Worldwide, 2013 (Millions of Dollars) Rank 2013 Vendor Estimated Revenue Market Share (%) 1 Intel 48,030 15.2 2 Samsung Electronics 29,644 9.4 3 Qualcomm（高通） 17,276 5.5 4 SK Hynix（SK海力士） 12,836 4.1 5 Micron Technology（美光） 11,814 3.7 6 Toshiba 11,467 3.6 7 Texas Instruments 10,561 3.3 8 STMicroelectronics（意法半导体） 8,060 2.6 9 Broadcom（博通） 8,011 2.5 10 Renesas Electronics（瑞萨） 7,761 2.5 ? Others 149,930 47.5 ? Total 315,390 100 * 第1章 引言 数字器件 门电路（gate）： —— 最基本的数字器件（与、或、非） NOT Y = A A Y 0 1 1 0 A Y AND Y = AB A B Y 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 A B Y OR Y =