西北干旱区节水灌溉方式研究.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 11 西北干旱区节水灌溉方式研究 　　摘要：我国水资源分布与经济社会发展总体布局不相匹配，尤其西北地区水资源短缺的现状严重制约着当地经济社会发展，水已成为我国21世纪生存和发展的重要依托。有水则有绿洲良田，有水则有经济的可持续发展。论文主要分析了我国水资源现状，并在此基础上进一步讨论了西北干旱区农业用水特征，鉴于西部大开发战略的继续实施，城市生活和工业用水比例必然提高；自然环境的恢复和建设，林草等业的生态用水也须有一定的保障，未来农业用水总量必然受到挤占，为了应对农业用水短缺，可以采取收集雨水资源加以利用和高效节水灌溉方法，文中重点介绍了雨水收集和西北干旱区节水灌溉方法，以期为西北干旱区农业高效发展提供实际指导意义。 　　Abstract： Distribution of water resources and economic and social development does not match the overall layout， particularly severe water shortages in Northwest China restricts local economic and social development， water has become the basis of survival and development in the 21st century. There is water， there are oases， there is water， there are sustainable economic development. Especially for northwest China， the water is an important factor in the regions sustainable social and economic development constraints. This paper analyzes the current situation of water resources， and on this basis for further discussion on the characteristics of agricultural water in arid northwest region， in view of the implementation of the western development strategy， the proportion of urban industrial and domestic water will inevitably increase； environment engineering， grass， etc. ecological water industry also must have a certain degree of protection， the future of agricultural water will inevitably be diverted， in order to cope with the shortage of agricultural water resources， rainwater can be collected to carry out efficient water-saving irrigation methods， this paper focuses on rainwater harvesting and water conservation in northwest arid region irrigation methods in order to provide practical guidance for the efficient development of agriculture in Northwest arid area. 　　关键词：水资源现状；集雨；节水灌溉 　　0 引言 　　西北地区由于距离海洋较远，又深居内陆腹地，再加上海洋暖湿气流无法穿越其高山峻岭，导致其气候非常干旱，多年平均降水量仅为235mm，内陆河区降水量一般都低于200mm，与之相对，蒸发量却高1000～2800mm，降水少而蒸发强烈，使得西北地区水分稀缺程度和珍贵程度远高于国内其他地区。西北地区水资源总量大约为2304亿m3，仅占全国水资源总量的8%左右，西北各区的水资源量见表1，降雨季节性明显，主要发生在7～9月份[1-3]。西北干旱区水资源不仅不能满足农业灌溉和工业生产的需要，甚至许多地方人