《中考语法完全突破记忆大纲》讲：冠词与数词.docVIP

第二讲：冠词与数词 一、冠词 类别 形式 用法概述 不定冠词 a 表示泛指，意义同one 用于以辅音发音开头的单词或字母前 an 用于以元音发音开头的单词或字母前 定冠词 the 表示特指，其意义同this/that/these/those 注意：用a还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音，而不是字母。如: an hour, a university 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) 表示初次提到的人或物。 如: A boy is waiting for you. (2) 表示一类人或物 如：A horse is an animal. (3) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如：a little, a few, a lot, many a, in a minute, have a cold, all of a sudden（突然） 2. 定冠词的用法 (1) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。 如: I saw a boy yesterday. The boy was very tall. (2) 特指双方都明白的人或物。 如: Open the door, please. Give me the book. (3) 指世上独一无二的事物前。 如：The sun is bigger than the earth. (4) 与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。 如: The cat is a lovely animal. (5) 与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。 如：They are the teachers of this school. [他们是这所学校的(全体)教师。] 比较：They are teachers of this school. [他们是这所学校的(部分)教师。） (6) 用于形容词/副词最高级、序数词前，及形容词only、very、same前。 如：I live on the second floor. He is the same age as you. (7) 用于乐器前。 如：He plays the piano very well. (8)用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。 如：The Smiths are watching TV. The old are taken good care of. (9) 用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。 如：the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean 注意：独山的表达方式通常用Mount +名字，如：Mount Tai(泰山) (10) 用于by后表示计量单位。 如： The waiters are paid by the hour/day.(这些服务员按小时/天计酬。) (11) 代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词前。 如：He caught the man by the arm. Tom hit the thief in the face. (12) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如：in the day, in the rain, in the middle of 3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 (1)在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。 如：I am in Class Two, Grade Three. We can not live without air. (2) 名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。 如： Pass me that book. The letter is in her bag. (3) 复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。 如：Horses are animals. (4)星期、月份、季节和节日名称前不用冠词。 如: It’s Sunday today. (5) 三餐、球类、学科名词之前不用冠词。 如：When do you have lunch? He often plays football. (6)由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠词。 　 We traveled by train. (7)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。 如：Miss Li, Professor Chen (8)两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。 如：face to face, day and night, father and son, side by side (9) 某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。 如: at night, go to school, by bus, on foot, at home, at work, in trouble,