Fluorescence fingerprint of fulvic and humic acids from varied origins as viewed by single-scan and excitationemission matrix techniques.pdfVIP

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Fluorescence fingerprint of fulvic and humic acids from varied origins as viewed by single-scan and excitationemission matrix techniques.pdf

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Fluorescence fingerprint of fulvic and humic acids from varied origins as viewed by single-scan and excitationemission matrix techniques.pdf

Chemosphere 58 (2005) 715–733 /locate/chemosphere Fluorescence ?ngerprint of fulvic and humic acids from varied origins as viewed by single-scan and excitation/emission matrix techniques M.M.D. Sierra a,*, M. Giovanela b,c, E. Parlanti d, E.J. Soriano-Sierra e a Departamento de Qu?′mica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Floriano′ polis, SC, Brazil b Centro Tecnolo′ gico (CETEC), Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil c Departamento de F?′sica e Qu?′mica (DEFQ), Centro de Cie?ncias Exatas e Tecnologia (CCET), Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS)—95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil d Laboratoire de Physico-Toxicochimie des Syste`mes Naturels (LPTC), UMR 5472 CNRS, Universite′ Bordeaux I, 351 Cours de la Libe′ration, 33405 Talence Cedex, France e Nu′ cleo de Estudos do Mar (NEMAR), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Floriano′ polis, SC, Brazil Received 18 March 2004; received in revised form 17 September 2004; accepted 23 September 2004 Abstract Excitation/emission matrix (EEM), single-scan excitation and synchronous ?uorescence spectra of a series of FA and HA from distinct environments are presented. The EEM plots show at least four spectral features whose corresponding Ex/Em pairs relate to the a0, a, b and c (or d) ?uorophores previously found in natural waters spectra. The a0 and a peaks, which identify typical humic-like components, are present in all samples, independently of the organic matter (OM) source. In FA, their Ex/Em pairs are $260 nm/460 nm and $310 nm/440 nm, respectively. In HA their excitation and emission maxima are red-shifted, the corresponding Ex/Em pairs being located at $265 nm/525 nm and $360 nm/ 520 nm, respectively. The appearance of b and c (or d) peaks is dependent both on the OM origin and on HS aging. The former (Ex/Em $ 320 nm/430 nm), that has been associated with the incidence of marine humic-like material, is present only in a few marine and estuarine HA. It emerges as