第六章问卷调查方法.pptVIP

5.3 Reliability and Validity Precision and accuracy are obviously important qualities in research measurement, and they probably need no further explanation. When social scientists construct and evaluate measurements, however, they pay special attention to two technical considerations: reliability and validity. A.Reliability. That quality of measurement method that suggests that the same data would have been collected each time in repeated observations of the same phenomenon. Re-measurement reliability （再测信度） Duplicate reliability （复本信度） Folded reliability (折半信度） B. Validity Validity refers to the extent to which an empirical measure adequately reflects the real meaning of the concept under consideration. Criterion-related validity（准则效度） is based on some external criterion. Content validity（内容效度） refers to the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within the concept. For example, a text of mathematical ability cannot be limited to addition alone but would also need to cover subtraction, multiplication, division, and so forth. Construct validity （构造效度）is based on the way a measure relate to other variables within a system of theoretical relationships. Relations between Reliability and Validity a. reliable but not valid b. valid but not reliable C. valid and reliable Chapter 6 Questionnaire 6.1 Types and Structure of Questionnaire 6.2 Questionnaire Construction 第六章 问卷法 第一节 问卷法及其特点 第二节 问卷的类型与结构 第三节 问卷设计中的原则与步骤 第四节 问题及答案的设计 第五节 问卷的发放与回收 第一节 问卷法及其特点 资料收集方法有问卷法、访问法、观察法等。 问卷法则是运用统一设计的问卷向被调查者了解情况，征询意见的资料收集方法。 所谓问卷，是社会调查中用来收集资料的一种工具。它的形式是一份精心设计好的问题表格，它的用途在于测量人们的行为、态度和特征。 问卷法是社会调查中最常用的资料收集方法。 Types and Formats  of Questionnaire (1) Questionnaire (问卷): a document containing questions and other types of items designed to solicit information appropriate to analysis. 1. Types of Questionnaire Self-administered questionnaire and interviewer-administered questionnaire(自填问卷与访问问卷) Questionnaires may be completed by t