高中英语定语从句详解.docVIP

高中英语定语从句详解 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as (其中whose只能做定语,which和what也可以做定语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where Ex.) He was late .Thats because he got up late. .He got up late. Thats why he was late.(表语从句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定语从句) 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） There are occasions when joking is not permissible. ●关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等) 当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。 way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语 时，则用which或that 引导。如: This is the way (that) /in which I do such things. 比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you. Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为的字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc. 1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life. 2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist. 3. They set up a separate state of