论公共秩序保留制度的限制适用——基于国家利益本位向国际社会利益趋向转化的分析.docVIP

论公共秩序保留制度的限制适用 ——基于国家利益本位向国际社会利益趋向转化的分析 王 楚 （华东政法大学 国际法学院，上海 200050） 摘要：经济全球化的迅速发展带来了全球法律文明的趋同化，一国出于保护本国根本利益的目的而滥用公共秩序保留制度的弊端和危害后果也有所显现。在以共益为基础的国际社会中，对公共秩序保留制度的限制适用已经成为普遍共识和重要发展趋势。在传统国际私法上的国家利益本位向如今国际社会利益趋向转化的背景下，滥用该制度严重了削弱冲突规范在协调法律冲突方面的价值，也不利于国际民商事交往与合作的繁荣发展。故而在国际社会利益趋向下，有必要对公共秩序保留制度予以重新审视，限制法官的自由裁量权，使其运用更为谨慎和严格。以我国为视角，结合我国在国际私法方面新出台的《关于涉外民事关系法律适用法》的司法解释，从立法层面、司法实践、引入国际公共秩序三方面为我国限制公共秩序保留制度提出措施。 关键词：公共秩序保留；限制适用；国际社会利益 Abstract：The rapid development of economic globalization brings about convergence of the global legal civilization. Through abusing reservation of public order to protect one country’s basic interests, some damaging consequences appeared. Hence, the restriction of reservation of public order has already become the general consensus and significant development tendency in international community which foundation is common interests. Based on the trend from national interest oriented in traditional international private law to tendency to international interes oriented, abusing conservation of public order not only strictly impair conflict law’s value in coordinating statute conflicts, but also exert negative influences to prosperity of international civil and commercial contact and cooperation. Under such background, it is extremely necessary to review reservation of public order. By means of restricting judges’ discretion to make its application strictly and modestly. In the perspective of China, combining with the lately issued judicial interpretation ,we try to come up with restrictive measures in three aspects, including legislative measures, judicial practice and adopting world public order. Key words：reservation of public order; restriction of application; interests of international community 前 言 国际私法上的公共秩序保留是指一国法院依照本国冲突规范的指引本应适用外国法时，或者依法应当对外国法院判决或仲裁裁决予以承认与执行时，或者依法应当提供司法协助时，因为这种适用、承认与执行或者提供司法协助会与法院地国的公共秩序相抵触而有权排除和拒绝的制度。所谓法院地国的公共秩序，通常是指法院地国的重大利益、基本政策、法律的基本原则或道德的基本观念。 公共秩序保留制度的核心内容在于通过排除特定外国法的适用或拒绝外国特定司法协助请求以维护本国法律的基本价值和社会公共利益。从国家利益