15-16学年高中英语讲练（人教新课标）：Unit 1 Grammar Word版含答案.docVIP

GRAMMAR 主谓一致 【归纳】主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。 一般遵循以下原则： 1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意义用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。 一、名词作主语1. 集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, enemy, government等。有些集体名词如 people, police 等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如： The team is the best in the league. The team are all lovely people. I don’t care what people think. 2. 单、复数同形的名词如species, deer, fish, sheep, means等作主语时，应根据其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如： Several large fish live in the pond. A large fish was caught during the competition. 3. 表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如： Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britain’s oldest national daily. 4. trousers, shoes, chopsticks, sunglasses等名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： His trousers were slightly too short. A pair of trousers is on the bed.5. 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如： Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.6. “the +形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。这类词有 rich, poor, blind, injured 等。如： Even the poor have their pride. The injured were taken to several nearby hospitals. 7. 如果主语由 more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“more +复数名词+ than one”结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： More than one person has been concerned in this. Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs. More boxes than one have been used at the station. 二、代词作主语1. 由代词each, either, neither, another以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。如： Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. Everybody was glad to see her back.2. all, most, none, some等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如： Those boys are my students. All work hard. I wanted some more coffee but there was none left. 三、由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1. 两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意