第2讲_汉英翻译基本步骤.pptVIP

外商投资企业经企业申请，税务部门批准，可减免或免征工商统一税。 A foreign investment enterprise may apply to tax authorities and may enjoy, if the application is approved, reduction or exemption of the consolidation industrial and commercial tax. 简单地说，市政府计划强化这一地区的综合功能，弱化居住功能，把这里建成一个现代化大都会。 In short， the district is going to be built into a modern， metropolitan downtown focused on urban functions rather than residence. 4. 目的关系 表示目的关系的汉语关联词有“有利于”“为了”“以便”“省得”“以免”等；英语用于这一关系的连词或短语有in order (not) to, in order that, so that, to the end that, so as (not) to, with the aim of, in case, lest等。 要做好防汛工作，以免临时措手不及。 We must do a good job of flood prevention so as not to be caught unprepared. 卫星必须加速，以便在它开始绕地球运行时可以获得足够快的速度来抵消地球的引力。 A satellite must accelerate so that when it starts going around the earth it may go fast enough, to balance the force of gravity. 为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。 In order to survive, to feed, to clothe and shelter himself and his offspring, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature. 5.假设关系 假设关系的汉语复合句可以分成两种情况，一是“顺承”，关联词通常有“如果”“假如”“倘若”“要是”等；二是“逆接”，关联词通常有“即使”“纵使”“就算”“哪怕”等。在英语中用if 或even来体现假设关系，有时还伴有虚拟语气。 -倘若客人不来怎么办？ What shall we do if the guests fail to turn up? 他清晨坚持锻练，纵使天寒地冻，也不间断。 Persisting in early morning exercise, he went at it even in freezing weather. 假若哥伦布没有发现美洲大陆，别人也会发现。 Even if Columbus had not discovered the continent of America, somebody else might have discovered it. 6.转折让步关系 汉语中的转折让步关系通常表现为“虽然……但是……”、“尽管……可是”等，单纯的转折关系常用“但是”“而”“就是”“不过”等。英语中通常用but，although，even if， as， despite等表示汉语的转折让步关系。 -虽说他英语不怎么好，但也还能叫人听懂。 Though he does not speak English well, he still can make himself understood. 虽然不少人都劝过她，但她还是不同意跟他和解。 She still refuses to make it up with him despite exhortations from many people. 随你怎么说，我就是不同意。 You may say as you like, but I’ll never do it. 实验失败了，不过他并不灰心。 The experiment failed, but he didn’t lose heart. 7.条件关系 条件关系分为两种，一种是特定条件关系，如“只要……就” “只有……才”“除非……才”“越……越”等，体现在英语中常用only…if, if only, unless, as/so long as, the more …the more等；另一种是无条件关系，如 “无论……都”“不管”“任