《大学英语实用翻译教程》课件.pptVIP

. 直译加注 例一：It was Friday*and soon they’d go out and get drunk. 译文：星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。 *星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。如不解释，译入语读者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大吃大喝。 例二：While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Alistair Cooke’s excellent article. 译文：我想给阿利斯太尔·库克先生的杰作稍加几笔，尽管这也许是为百合花上色，费力不讨好。 *在西方人眼里，百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征，故为百合花上色自然是做徒劳无益之事。 第三节 汉英句子对比 3.1. 句子类型对比 在句子类型方面，按语法功能分，汉语和英语都可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大类。 英语的疑问句还可以再分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、修辞设问句与感叹疑问句。 按结构分，汉语可分为单句和复句，单句和复句还可以再分为许多句式，表达并列、承接、选择、递进、转折、因果、假设、条件等各种复杂的关系。 3.1. 句子类型对比 英语句子主要有七种句型： 主语+谓语 The telephone rang. The boy ran away. . 主语+谓语+表语 He was exited. . She looks delighted. 主语+谓语+宾语 The hunter shot the tiger. The news surprised me. 主语+谓语+状语 The girl is here. A wolf is at the door. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She sang us a song. I sent him a letter. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 He painted the door green. We elected him president. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+状语 She set the cup on the table. His sister put the car in the garage. 3.1. 句子类型对比 相比之下，汉语句子类型更加灵活，形式多样。如以下各例所示： 例一：北京到处在兴建大楼。（地点主语） 译文：New buildings are being built across Beijing. 例二：高兴得我说不出话来了。（无主句） 译文： I’m so exited to say anything. 例三：我明天的飞机，11点到北京，太晚了，不用接我，告诉我你住的地方，我打车去。 译文：My flight is tommow and I’ll be in Beijing at 11. It’ll be too late, so don’t bother to pick me up. Will you tell me where you live and I’ll take a taxi there. 3.2.1. 英语重形合 英语造句常用各种连接手段，数量大，种类多。常用的关系词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, what, when, where, why, how等；常用的连接词有：and, or, but, yet, so, however, as well as, either…or, when, while, as, since, until, so that等。英语造句几乎离不开这些词，汉语则不用或少用。 例一：There are all kinds of writers and all kinds of methods, and any method that helps somebody to say what he wants to say is the right method for him. 译文：作者不同，写作的方式自然也不同。不管何种方式，只要能够帮助一个人表达他所要表达的内容，对他而言，便是正确的方式。 例二：One important reason why it’s becoming harder for farmers to keep up with the growing population is that