外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用的研究进展.pdfVIP

外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用研究进展 魏松坡,贾黎明 （北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室，北京 100083 ） 摘要：外生菌根真菌是生态系统的重要组成部分，其对岩石和矿物的风化作用可对生态系统的物质循环过程产生 影响，并在一定程度上提高土壤养分的生物有效性，有利于改善植物营养状况。现有的研究表明，外生菌根真菌 可以通过向矿物表面施加物理压力、酸化根际环境以及络合矿物中的金属离子等途径加快包括磷灰石、云母、蛭 石等矿物在内的风化进程，促使养分从矿物中析出，并使自身及与其共生的植物受益。但外生菌根真菌对矿物的 风化作用受到诸如真菌与矿物的类型、土壤有效养分水平、氮素类型与水平、菌根真菌的生长条件以及根际其他 生物的活动等多种因素的影响。目前，通过对矿质元素转移的定量计算、对真菌分泌物的测定分析、对菌丝与矿 物颗粒接触面的直接观察分析以及对能量流动的监测等一系列途径，已经对外生菌根真菌矿物风化作用的现象和 机理有了一定的认识，但针对这种现象所带来影响的定量计算方法以及其生态意义还有待进一步的研究。本文回 顾了外生菌根真菌对矿物风化作用的研究进展，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。 关键词：森林生态学；菌根真菌；岩石矿物；风化 The Research Progress of Mineral Weathering by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi WEI Songpo, JIA Liming （Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China ） Abstract: As an important part of ecosystem, ectomycorrhizal fungi play a significant role in many microbiological and biogeochemical processes, influencing cycling of minerals, boosting soil fertility as well as improving plant nutrition. Study had shown that ectomycorrhizal fungi may accelerate the the mineral weathering process including apatite, biotite and vermiculite by physical pressure, acidification in the mycorrhizosphere soil and complexation of metal cations with organic acid. Ectomycorrhial fungi are able to mobilize phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and many other nutrients from apatite, phlogopite, biotite or vermiculite. Also, the mineral weathering by ectomycorrhizal fungi was influenced by lots of factors, such as the different types of minerals and fungi, soil nutrient condition, various kinds and concentrations of nitrogen, growth condition (pure