肝素类抗凝药物作用机制及发展.ppt

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**Themanufacturingprocessforheparinremainsmuchthesametodayasintheearly1900’s,utilizinganumberofextractionandfiltrationprocesses,asdescribedintherecipeonthisslide.Bivalirudin,however,ismanufacturedusingamodern,syntheticprocess.Themoleculeissynthesizedusinganentirelychemicalprocess,followedbyachromatographicpurificationandfinalisolationbylyophilization.**Dr.IrvingS.Wright,thefirstdoctortouseananticoagulanttotreatthebloodclotsthatcancauseheartattacksandstrokes,diedonDec.8athishomeinManhattan.Hewas96.Dr.Wright,acardiologistandformerpresidentoftheAmericanHeartAssociation,retiredin1968fromtheNewYorkHospital-CornellMedicalCenter.In1938,Dr.Wright,thenaprofessorofclinicalmedicineattheNewYorkPost-GraduateMedicalSchoolofColumbiaUniversity,wasgravelyillformonthsbecauseofthrombophlebitis,whichinvolvestheformationofabloodclot.Afterherecovered,helookedforawaytotreatapatientwhoselifewasalsothreatenedbythrombophlebitis.Suchpatientswerelikelytodiebecausethebloodclotscouldmovetothelungsandcausepulmonaryembolisms.Dr.Wrighttreatedthepatientwithanexperimentalnaturalanticoagulantcalledheparin,isolatedfromanimalorgans.Atthetime,heparinhadrecentlybeenpurifiedattheUniversityofTorontobuthadnotyetbeenusedtotreatapatient,acolleague,Dr.RichardL.Mueller,saidin1995inthejournalClinicalCardiology.TheconditionofDr.Wrightspatientimprovedintwoweeks.Therapywithheparinandothercoagulantsisnowstandardthroughouttheworldincasesofthrombophlebitis,pulmonaryembolismandheartsurgery.In1960,Dr.WrightreceivedtheprestigiousAlbertLaskerAwardfromtheAmericanHeartAssociationforhisstudyoftheuseofanticoagulantsin800heartattackvictims.Dr.WrightwasborninManhattanandreceivedhisB.A.in1923fromCornellandh

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