纽曼社会研究方法英文版PPTChapter11-NonreactiveResearch-7e.pptVIP

Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 11: Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis Seventh EditionSocial Research Methods:Qualitative and Quantitative Approachesby W. Lawrence Neuman This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Nonreactive Measurement Unobtrusive measures Physical traces Erosions measures Accretion measures Archives Running records Other records Observation External appearance Count behavior Time duration Content Analysis Content analysis topics Large # of text Study topic at a distance Difficult to see in casual observation Measurement and Coding Coding system Units Structured observation Frequency, direction, intensity, and space Content AnalysisCoding, Validity, and Reliability Coding Manifest coding Latent coding Intercoder reliability Content AnalysisHow to….. Formulate the research question Decide on a unit of analysis Develop a sampling plan Construct coding categories and recording sheet Coding categories Coding and intercoder reliability check Data collection and analysis Existing Statistics/Secondary Analysis Appropriate Topics Involve info from large bureaucratic organizations Variables defined by larger organizations Existing Statistics/ Secondary Analysis Social indicators FBI’s uniform crime index Locating data Statistical Abstracts of the US Secondary survey data GSS Existing Statistics/Secondary AnalysisLimitations Fallacy of misplaced concreteness Unit of analysis Validity Reliability Missing data Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright ?2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.