市场化进程丶人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长.pdf

宏观经济学专题 市场化进程、人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长 Investments on Human Capital, Market-orientation and Long-run Economic Growth of Undeveloped Countries Key words: Human capital, Market-orientation , Technological progress, Endogenous growth, Steady state JEL Classification: E220 ；I280 ；O110 本项研究受国家自然科学基金（编号的资助，特此致谢。 宏观经济学 市场化进程、人力资本投资与欠发达国家长期经济增长* 内容提要： 欠发达国家劳动力掌握的生产技术与发达国家总体上有几十年的差距， 是生产率相对低下的主要原因，劳动力人力资本投资——营养、医疗、教育和培训的投 入，是内化先进生产技术的最重要途径。本文实证检验发现，人力资本投资与市场化程 度存在指数函数关系，基于此建立欠发达国家长期经济增长模型，获得全局稳固的稳态 解。这里的模型说明了，市场化进程不但有存量效应，而且还有增量效应——市场化进 程为存量资本的更有效配置打开空间。增量效应对欠发达国家意义重大，因为市场化进 程提高了存量人力资本和物质资本的生产效率，可以加快经济增长。 关键词： 人力资本 市场化 技术进步 内生增长 稳定状态 Investments on Human Capital, Market-orientation and Long-run Economic Growth of Undeveloped Countries Abstract: In general, the production technologies in undeveloped countries are several decades behind those of developed ones. Investments on human capital—input in nutrition, medical cares, educational and training services—are main ways to improve production technologies of labor forces. Based on empirical tests, this article finds that investments on human capital are exponentially related to the degree of market-orientation. Then an endogenous growth model for undeveloped countries is constructed and a globally stable state is obtained. This model shows both the “stock effects” and “incremental effects” of market-orientation. The incremental effects are especially significant to undeveloped countries for the following reason: advances of market-orientation improve the production efficiency of present both human capital and physical capital, so economic growth is accelerated. Key words: Human capital, Market-orientation , Technological progress, Endogenous growth, Steady state 一、 引