冀合白猪保种与复壮研究-动物遗传育种与繁殖专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 配套系的选育与保持是养猪生产上的重要问题。我国自主培育的配套系猪种与从 养猪发达国家引进的配套系猪种，群体规模有限，都存在保种与复壮的问题。本研究 是以冀合白猪为对象，通过对配套系的保种目标、交配制度、群体规模、公母比例、 世代间隔等的研究，提出配套系的保种复壮路线与方案，对冀合白猪配套系的保存与 复壮有着重要的指导意义，对其它配套系的保持也有指导作用。配套系保种复壮路线 是：保种群体现状的调查，微卫星标记的检测，品系间配合力测定及随机抽样性能测 定，配套系保种复壮方案的提出。配套系保种的目标是保存配套系的培育性状，培育 性状要保持高度的纯度，其它性状保持较高的遗传多样性；冀合白猪核心群的检测结 果为：A系平均纯合度为0．1056，B系为0．1663，纯合度较小；A系平均杂合度分别 为0．8650，B为系0．8124，均具有较高的杂合度；平均多态信息含量为：A系0．8405， B系为0．7808，均表现为高度多态性。冀合白猪A系的肉质性状和B系的繁殖性状开 始衰退，但保持了丰富的遗传多样性。冀合白猪保种复壮方案是：在现有群体的基础 上进行扩繁，A系主选性状为180日龄活体背膘厚和眼肌面积，B系主选性状为窝产 仔数和乳头数，每年一个世代。A、B系各留15头公猪、120母猪，组建冀合白猪基 础群；冀合白猪的保种复壮采用避免全同胞交配的有限随机交配，各世代群体规模保 持不变，从第二世代开始对群体进行配合力测定，选取最佳的配套杂交模式。性状在 群体中基本固定时，每代个体进行纯繁，扩大群体规模。这时将性状最优秀的后代选 入核心群，其余个体转入繁殖群。使用微卫星标记对选育过程中世代间的变化进行检 测，了解选育的程度。冀合白猪配套系维持阶段时继续对核心群选育，扩大群体规模， 适当延长世代间隔。 关键词：冀合白猪；配套系；保种；复壮 J／he J／he Wh／te Swine Conservation and Rejuvenation Master：Wang Gao-feng Major：Animal Breeding and Reproduction Science Direction：Animal Genetics Resource Supervisor：Jia Qing Abstract It’s very important for Hybrids selection and keeping in swine production．The population size of swine breeds cultivated by ourselves or introduced from developed countries was not large enough．The hybrids of Jihe、Ⅳhite Swine breed conservation objective，mating system，population size，the sex ratio，generation interval were studied in this research,a scheme of hybrid conservation and rejuvenation was proposed．The Wav of conservation and rquvcnafion is：present situation investigation，microsatellite marker test， combining ability test,random sampling performance determination and scheme suggestion．The objective of hybrid conservation included that：cultivating traits remain lligll purity，other traits remain high genetic diversity．The detection results of nucleus herd was that：the average homozygosity index Was low,line A is 0．1 056．1ine B iS 0．1 663．The average heterozygosity Was high，line A Was O．8650，line B Was 0．8 1 24．The average PIC of line A Was 0．8405，and line B Was 0．7808，which present hi曲polymorphism．The results s