高中英语人教版选修7Unit2RobotsGrammar教案（系列三）.docVIP

选修七 Unit 2 Robots Period3 Grammar 1. The passive infinitive (1) Explanation 当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时,不定式要用被动语态构成形式为to be done/to have been done。例如： He claimed to be treated badly in the super market when he was doing shopping yesterday. 注意 :有时尽管不定式与其逻辑主语是被动关系 ，但不定式仍用主动语态 ，不用被动语态。不定式作状语，如果句子中存在light, heavy, difficult, easy, comfortable等词就应该用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 The box is so heavy to carry. He isn’t easy to get along with 另外,下面的被动语态是经常的考点，也应特别注意: ● 在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快，不顺利的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如： Did you get scolded yesterday？ He became seized with a deep sorrow. ● 短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式 短语动词的被动结构中,构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词+be+过去分词。例如： The doctor has been sent for. Bad habits have been done away with. ● 主动形式被动意义 ① 当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等系动词后面接形容词时；The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。 ② 当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink, wash等表示某种性质时且带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时，如： The book written by that famous writer is selling very well. 那位作家写的书很畅销。 These cups clean easily. 这些杯子很容易洗。 ③ want, require, need，worth 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，如： These flowers want/ require /need watering. 这些花需要浇水。 These books are worth reading. 这些书值得读。（被读） ④ 下面的词汇用主动语态： come out, come into being, go off, run out, give out, give in.，happen, take place, break out The accident happened yesterday evening. The fire went out gradually. 对于被动语态，弄清主语与谓语动词的关系是做题的关键。在实际应用中，如果一个动词只能用作不及物动词，那么它就不会用于被动语态。而且，一个动词到底是否应该用被动语态，不能从汉语的角度去理解，而应该注意到英语和汉语的不同表达方式。在很多情况下，汉语的被动关系要么表现得不那么明显，要么和英语的被动语态刚好相反。应该说这就是被动语态的难点和重点。例如： Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 句意为-“工厂关闭将失去几百个工作。”汉语中不用被动形式，但英语句里主语是jobs,因此用被动结构。 (2) Practice 1. The food________. A. taste well B. has been tasted well C. is tasted well D. tastes good 2. Our school ____in 1911. A .was set up B. has been set up C. has set up D. had been set up 3. Radio is ____in everyday life. A .use B. using C. uses D. useful 4. According to the conditions of my schol