仁爱英语九年级上册语法精讲.docxVIP

仁爱英语九年级上册语法精讲 Unit 1-topic1 ? ?现在完成时（?） ?1.现在完成时的构成：助动词have/has+过去分词。它的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和答语的结构如下表（以work为例）: 肯 定 式 I ?(You)have worked. He ?(She/It) has worked. We ?(You/They) have worked. 否 定 ??式 I ?(You) have? not/haven’t worked. He ?(She/It) has not/hasn’t worked. We ?(You/They) have not/haven’t worked. 疑 问 ??式 Have ?I (you) worked? Has ?he (she/it) worked? Have ?we (you/they) worked? 简 单 回 ??答??? Yes, ?you (I) have. / No, you (I) have not/haven’t. Yes, ?he (she/it) has. / No, he (she/it) has not/hasn’t. Yes, ?you (we/they) have. / No, you (we/they) ?have not/haven’t.? ? 2. have (has) been to与have (has) gone to have (has) been to?＋某地，说明到过某地，说话时已回来。 have (has) gone to?＋某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没回来。 e.g. He has been to Beijing three times.?他去过北京三次。 ?? He hasgone to Wuhan.?他到武汉去了。 Unit 1-topic2 现在完成时（Ⅱ） 1.现在完成时的用法:表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。 e.g. I have just posted the letter. 我刚把信邮寄了。 ?????She has lost her watch. 她弄丢了手表。 2.现在完成时可以和不明确指出时间的状语连用，如already, yet,just, before, ever, lately, once等。 e.g. Have you heard from your friend lately? ????? 你最近收到你朋友的来信了吗？ 3.现在完成时也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语连用。如this week, this morning, today, thisyear等。 e.g. They have moved three times this year. 今年他们已经搬了三次家。 ? ?4.现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用。 如yesterday, last week, in 1999, two days ago,just now, when I came in等。 Unit 1-topic3 现在完成时（Ⅲ） 1.现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的动作或状态，常与for，since引导的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句（从句的谓语动词用过去式）。 e.g. I have lived here for twenty years．我住在这里已有20年了。 We have built many factories since 1985.自1985年以来，我们建了许多工厂。 He has always helped me with my English since he came here． 自从他到这里以后，他总是帮助我学习英语。 2.有的动词所表示的动作不是瞬间就可以完成的，要持续一段时间,这样的动词叫延续性动词。不能延续下去的动词，叫非延续性动词或瞬间动词。如:buy，borrow等，这些动词在现在完成时的句子中可改为相应的表示延续性的词或短语来与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：buy→have，borrow→keep, come→be,join→be, die→be dead, begin→be on等。 e.g. He joined the army two years ago． 他两年前就参军了。(同义句) →He has been in the army for two years． →He has been a soldier for twoyears． Unit 2-topic1 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时：表示过去某个具体的时间发生的动作或某段时间存在的状态，强调过去的情况，与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday