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thegeographyoftransportsystems教学课件tgchapter8applications
Usage ConditionsDO NOT COPY, TRANSLATE OR REDISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT.The contents of this document can be freely used for personal or classroom use ONLY.Although the material contained in this document is freely available, it is not public domain. Its contents, in whole or in part (including graphics and datasets), cannot be copied and published in ANY form (printed or electronic) without consent.If you have accessed this document through a third party (such as a content farm), keep in mind that this party is illegally redistributing this content. Please refer to the true source (/geotranshttp/geotrans:////geotrans) instead of the third party.Permission to use any graphic material herein in any form of publication, such as an article, a book or a conference presentation, on any media must be requested prior to use.Information cited from this document should be referred as: Rodrigue, J-P et al. (2013) The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies Geography, /geotranshttp:////geotrans.International Oil TransportationApplication 1OPEC Members and Countries with more than 10 Billion Barrels of Oil ReservesUnited States Strategic Petroleum Reserves, 1977-2009Share of OPEC and the Persian Gulf in the World Crude Oil Production, 1960-2008West Texas Intermediate, Monthly Nominal Spot Oil Price (1970-2013) Third Oil ShockSecond Oil Shock21ABDFirst Oil ShockCMajor Oil Price FluctuationsPrice Change EventPrice Change Time FrameCauseNominal Price ChangeFirst Oil ShockOctober 1973 to March 1974Yom Kippur War / OPEC oil embargoFrom $4.31 to $10.11 (+134.5%)Second Oil ShockApril 1979 to July 1980Iranian revolution (1978) / Iran-Iraq war (1980)From $15.85 to $39.50 (+149.2%)Oil counter shock (A)November 1985 to July 1986OPEC oversupply / Lower demandFrom $30.81 to $11.57 (-62.4%)First Gulf War (1)July 1990 to November 1990Iraqi invasion of KuwaitFrom $18.63 to $32.30 (+73.4%)Asian Financial Crisis (B)January 1997 to December1998Debt defaults
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