环境友好型增塑聚氯乙烯制备与表征.docxVIP

环境友好型增塑聚氯乙烯的制备与表征 摘要：本文研究了不同增塑剂增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)体系的力学性能和耐溶剂性。通过测定不同增塑剂增塑PVC体系的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度、硬度和永久变形，研究了不同增塑剂对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，增塑剂使得PVC分子链间的作用力减弱，拉伸强度减小，硬度下降，永久变形增大；而其断裂伸长率有显著的增大。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱法和差示扫描量热法，对不同增塑剂增塑PVC的结构进行了表征。实验中选择异辛烷、正己烷和ASTM 1#标准油为萃取剂，研究了不同增塑剂增塑PVC的耐油、耐溶剂性能。通过比较，相对其他两种萃取剂，五种增塑剂在正己烷中的最终抽出率是最大的; 在同一萃取剂中，增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯（ATBC）的最终抽出率都是最小的。 关键词：聚氯乙烯；环境友好型增塑剂；力学性能；耐油；耐溶剂性能Preparation and characterization of environmentally-friendly plasticized PVCAbstract: Effect of different plasticizer on mechanical properties and solvent resistance of plasticized PVC was studied. Elongation at break, tensile strength, hardness and permanent set of PVC samples were studied to compare the effect of different plasticizer. The results showed that plasticizers weakened intermolecular interaction, causing decrease in tensile strength and hardness as well as increase in permanent set. Meanwhile, elongation at break increased greatly. The structure of plasticized PVC was investigated via FTIR and DSC. The migration of PVC samples was investigated by immerging them in iso-octane, n-hexane, and ASTM 1# oil. Change in PVC was studied by weight loss, which showed that the greatest amount of weight loss happened in n-hexane. Among five plasticizer, ATBC exhibits greater oil/solvent resistance than the other four in the experiment.Keywords: Poly(vinyl chloride); Environmentally-friendly Plasticizer; Mechanical Properties; Solvent resistance; Oil resistance1前言聚氯乙烯（PVC）是继聚乙烯、聚丙烯之后，最为广泛使用的通用塑料。因其具有廉价、持久性好的特点，PVC在各个领域有着广泛的应用。但是， PVC加工时热稳定性差，为保持其加工稳定性，保证制品质量，需改善PVC的热稳定性。目前，热稳定剂的类别主要有：铅盐类、金属皂类和有机锡类。再者，PVC分子链间作用力大，强度和刚性较高，使得其材料显脆性，而加入增塑剂可制得软质PVC。增塑剂的加入，使得PVC分子间作用力降低，分子链的移动性增强，玻璃化转变温度（Tg）降低，改善了其低温韧性差的缺点。软质PVC主要应用于电线电缆、家具填充和服装玩具等领域[[] W. V. Titow. PVC technology[M].Fourth Edition. London/New York. Elsevier Applied Science Publ.1984.P6.]。目前，常用增塑剂类型包括邻苯二甲酸酯类、脂肪族二元酸酯类、磷酸酯类等。其中，最常见的增塑剂是邻苯二甲酸的衍生物（如邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)）。其与高聚物的相容性好，挥发性低，毒性低，价格低廉，因而被广泛选用。每年生产的百万吨增塑剂中有90%用于软质PVC。我国产的软质PVC大多加入邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。此类增塑剂