现代西方哲学06.pptVIP

第六章 存在主义（萨特） Sartre Sartre (21 June 1905?– 15 April 1980) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy, particularly Marxism, and was one of the key figures in literary and philosophical existentialism. His work continues to influence fields such as Marxist philosophy, sociology, critical theory and literary studies. He was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature but refused it. Why to decline? In 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but he declined it, stating that It is not the same thing if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre or if I sign Jean-Paul Sartre, Nobel Prize winner. A writer must refuse to allow himself to be transformed into an institution, even if it takes place in the most honorable form. Sartre was also noted for his long non-monogamous relationship with the feminist author and social theorist Simone de Beauvoir. Hélène de Beauvoirs house in Goxwiller, where Sartre tried to hide from the media after being awarded the Nobel Prize. Sartre and other thinkers As a teenager in the 1920s, Sartre became attracted to philosophy upon reading Henri Bergsons essay Time and Free Will: An Essay on the Immediate Data of Consciousness. He studied and earned a doctorate in philosophy in Paris at the école Normale Supérieure, an institution of higher education that was the alma mater for several prominent French thinkers and intellectuals. It was at ENS that Sartre began his life-long, sometimes fractious, friendship with Raymond Aron. Sartre was influenced by many aspects of Western philosophy, absorbing ideas from Kant, Hegel, Kierkegaard, Husserl and Heidegger, among others. Sartre as a public intellectual（作为公共知识分子的萨特） While the broad focus of Sartres life revolved around the notion of human freedom, he began a sustained intellectual participation in more public matters in 1945. Prior to