Acid–Base Titrtion Zagazig University–碱滴定酸扎加齐克大学.pptVIP

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Acid–Base Titrtion Zagazig University–碱滴定酸扎加齐克大学.ppt

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Acid–Base Titrtion Zagazig University–碱滴定酸扎加齐克大学

iii) Salts of weak acids and weak bases: pH = ? pKw + ? pKa – ?pKb Buffer solutions Resist changes in pH caused by addition of small amounts of acid or base; or upon dilution. Types of buffers Acid/Base Titration Dr. Hisham Ezzat Abdellatef Prof. of Analytical Chemistry Clinical Pharmacy Code: 105 Electrolyte and the theory of electrolytic Dissociation Electrolytes conduct the electric current mineral acid, caustic alkalies and salts non–electrolytes non–conducting solutions cane sugar, glycerin and ethyl acetate. Acid–Base Titration Pure water is a bad conductor of electricity acid as HCl H+ Cl- base as KOH K+ OH- salt as Na2SO4 Na+ SO42- Molecule Dissociation ions Dissolved in water Strong and weak electrolytes NaCl ? Na+ + Cl– K2SO4 ? 2K+ + SO42– Na2HPO4 ? 2Na+ + H+ + PO43 Arrhenius therefore introduced a quantity a, called the degree of dissociation“ a“ = 1 strong electrolyte“ “a” very far from unity.= weak electrolyte Law of mass action The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the active masses of the reacting substances. diluted solution concentration Law of mass action Vf = [A].[B]. Kf Vb = [C]. [D]. Kb Kf [A]. [B] = Kb [C]. [D] The dissociation of water H2O ? H+ +? OH– [H+] . [OH] ? = Kw………..(2) The ionic product of water The dissociation of water 25oC; the value of Kw [H+] . [OH?] = 10?14 [H+]2 = Kw = 1 x 10?14 ………(3) Hydrogen ion exponent (pH): [H+] 10–6, 10–5 1 x 10?7 10–8 , 10–9 Acid base Neutral Procedure for Titration pH is defined as equal to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration with a negative sign. pH = –log [H+] The pH scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 acid neutral base